Understanding the Retina

The retina is the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye, similar to a camera’s film. It captures images and sends signals to the brain, enabling vision.

Why is Retina Evaluation Important?

Retinal disorders can affect vision and lead to blindness if left untreated. Common conditions include:
✔️ Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)
✔️ Retinal Tears or Detachment
✔️ Diabetic Retinopathy
✔️ Glaucoma

🔎 Routine screening is recommended from the age of 40, even if no symptoms are present.

How is Retina Evaluation Done?

During a retina exam, the ophthalmologist will focus on the back portion of your eye. Dilating eye drops are often used to provide a clearer view of the retina.

Diagnostic Tests for Retina Evaluation

1️⃣ Ophthalmoscopy (Fundoscopic Exam)

🔹 Uses a specialized microscope (ophthalmoscope)
🔹 Helps examine the vitreous, retina, and optic nerve

2️⃣ Visual Field (Perimetry) Test

✔️ Measures central and peripheral vision
✔️ Helps detect blind spots or vision loss
✔️ Two types of tests:

• Fixed Target Test (stationary light dots appear)
• Moving Target Test (light moves into view to assess visual field loss)

3️⃣ Fluorescein Angiography

✔️ Evaluates retinal blood circulation
✔️ A vegetable-based dye is injected into the bloodstream
✔️ A series of rapid photographs capture how the dye moves through retinal blood vessels
✔️ Essential for diagnosing retinal disorders like diabetic retinopathy & macular degeneration

4️⃣ B-Scan Ultrasound

✔️ Uses high-frequency sound waves to visualize the retina and optic nerve
✔️ Helps detect retinal detachment, tumors, or bleeding

5️⃣ Fundus Photography

✔️ Uses a specialized camera to capture detailed images of the retina
✔️ Helps track disease progression and treatment response

Retina Treatment Options

After a thorough evaluation, your ophthalmologist will recommend the best treatment based on your condition.

Common Retinal Treatments:

✔️ Laser Therapy – Seals retinal tears and prevents further damage
✔️ Intravitreal Injections – Used for AMD, diabetic retinopathy, and retinal vein occlusion
✔️ Retinal Surgery – Required for severe cases of retinal detachment or advanced disorders